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Kev muaj kuab paug ntawm Cadmium (Cd) ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshuaj Panax notoginseng hauv Yunnan. Nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab ntawm Cd sab nraud, kev sim ua teb tau ua los nkag siab txog cov teebmeem ntawm kev siv txiv qaub ntsuab (0, 750, 2250 thiab 3750 kg / h / m2) thiab kev txau nplooj nrog oxalic acid (0, 0.1 thiab 0.2 mol / L) ntawm kev sib sau ua ke Cd thiab antioxidant. Cov khoom xyaw hauv lub cev thiab tshuaj ntawm Panax notoginseng. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab ntawm Cd, txiv qaub ntsuab thiab txau nplooj nrog oxalic acid tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntsiab lus Ca2 + ntawm Panax notoginseng nce ntxiv thiab txo qhov lom ntawm Cd2 +. Kev ntxiv txiv qaub ntsuab thiab oxalic acid ua rau cov haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes antioxidant ntau ntxiv thiab hloov pauv cov metabolism ntawm osmotic regulators. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov nce ntxiv ntawm CAT kev ua haujlwm los ntawm 2.77 zaug. Nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm oxalic acid, kev ua haujlwm ntawm SOD nce mus txog 1.78 zaug. Cov ntsiab lus MDA txo qis los ntawm 58.38%. Muaj kev sib raug zoo heev nrog cov suab thaj soluble, cov amino acids dawb, proline thiab cov protein soluble. Lime thiab oxalic acid tuaj yeem ua rau cov calcium ion (Ca2 +) cov ntsiab lus ntawm Panax notoginseng nce ntxiv, txo cov ntsiab lus Cd, txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab ntawm Panax notoginseng, thiab ua rau muaj tag nrho cov saponins thiab flavonoids ntau ntxiv. Cov ntsiab lus Cd yog qhov qis tshaj plaws, qis dua 68.57% piv rau kev tswj hwm, thiab sib raug rau tus nqi txheem (Cd≤0.5 mg kg-1, GB / T 19086-2008). Qhov feem pua ​​​​​​ntawm SPN yog 7.73%, mus txog qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm txhua qhov kev kho mob, thiab cov ntsiab lus flavonoid nce ntxiv los ntawm 21.74%, mus txog tus nqi kho mob tus qauv thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.
Cadmium (Cd) yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg uas feem ntau pom hauv cov av cog qoob loo, yooj yim kis mus rau lwm qhov thiab muaj kev lom neeg loj heev. El-Shafei et al2 tau tshaj tawm tias kev lom cadmium cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas siv. Cov cadmium ntau dhau hauv cov av cog qoob loo hauv sab qab teb sab hnub poob Suav teb tau dhau los ua qhov hnyav heev hauv xyoo tas los no. Xeev Yunnan yog lub tebchaws muaj ntau haiv neeg nyob hauv Suav teb, nrog rau cov nroj tsuag tshuaj ntsuab qeb duas thawj zaug hauv lub tebchaws. Txawm li cas los xij, Xeev Yunnan muaj ntau yam khoom siv hauv av, thiab cov txheej txheem khawb av ua rau muaj kev ua qias tuaj ntawm cov hlau hnyav hauv av, uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov nroj tsuag tshuaj hauv zos.
Panax notoginseng (Burkill) Chen3) yog ib hom tshuaj ntsuab uas muaj nqis heev uas yog los ntawm cov noob Panax ntawm tsev neeg Araliaceae. Panax notoginseng ua rau cov ntshav ncig zoo dua, tshem tawm cov ntshav tsis khov thiab txo qhov mob. Thaj chaw tsim khoom tseem ceeb yog Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province5. Ntau tshaj 75% ntawm cov av hauv thaj chaw cog qoob loo Panax notoginseng ginseng hauv zos muaj cadmium, nrog rau cov qib sib txawv ntawm 81% txog ntau dua 100% hauv thaj chaw sib txawv6. Cov teebmeem lom ntawm Cd kuj tseem txo qis kev tsim cov khoom siv tshuaj ntawm Panax notoginseng, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog saponins thiab flavonoids. Saponins yog ib hom glycosidic compound uas nws cov aglycones yog triterpenoids lossis spirostanes. Lawv yog cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm ntau cov tshuaj suav Suav thiab muaj saponins. Qee cov saponins kuj muaj cov haujlwm tua kab mob lossis cov haujlwm muaj txiaj ntsig xws li antipyretic, sedative thiab anticancer7. Feem ntau cov flavonoids yog hais txog cov tshuaj uas muaj ob lub nplhaib benzene nrog cov pab pawg phenolic hydroxyl txuas nrog peb lub hauv paus carbon. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog 2-phenylchromanone 8. Nws yog ib qho antioxidant muaj zog uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov pa oxygen dawb hauv cov nroj tsuag. Nws kuj tseem yuav tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov enzymes biological inflammatory, txhawb kev kho qhov txhab thiab kev txo qhov mob, thiab txo cov roj cholesterol. Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm Panax notoginseng. Muaj qhov xav tau ceev ceev los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm cadmium contamination hauv cov av hauv Panax ginseng cov chaw tsim khoom thiab xyuas kom meej tias muaj cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj.
Txiv qaub ntsuab yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv dav dav rau kev ntxuav av ruaj khov los ntawm kev ua qias tuaj ntawm cadmium10. Nws cuam tshuam rau kev nqus thiab kev tso Cd hauv av los ntawm kev txo qhov bioavailability ntawm Cd hauv av los ntawm kev nce tus nqi pH thiab hloov pauv av cation pauv peev xwm (CEC), av ntsev saturation (BS) thiab av redox muaj peev xwm (Eh)3,11. Tsis tas li ntawd, , txiv qaub ntsuab muab ntau Ca2+, tsim cov ionic antagonism nrog Cd2+, sib tw rau qhov chaw adsorption hauv cov hauv paus hniav, tiv thaiv kev thauj mus los ntawm Cd mus rau hauv av, thiab muaj kev lom tshuaj lom tsawg. Thaum 50 mmol L-1 Ca tau ntxiv rau hauv qab Cd kev ntxhov siab, Cd kev thauj mus los hauv nplooj sesame tau inhibited thiab Cd accumulation tau txo qis 80%. Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb zoo sib xws tau tshaj tawm hauv mov (Oryza sativa L.) thiab lwm yam qoob loo12,13.
Kev txau cov nplooj ntawm cov qoob loo kom tswj tau qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov hlau hnyav yog ib txoj hauv kev tshiab rau kev tswj cov hlau hnyav hauv xyoo tas los no. Nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus feem ntau yog cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj chelation hauv cov hlwb cog, uas ua rau muaj cov hlau hnyav tso rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub hlwb thiab tiv thaiv kev nqus cov hlau hnyav los ntawm cov nroj tsuag14,15. Ua tus neeg sawv cev diacid chelating ruaj khov, oxalic acid tuaj yeem ncaj qha chelate cov hlau hnyav ions hauv cov nroj tsuag, yog li txo cov tshuaj lom. Kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias oxalic acid hauv taum pauv tuaj yeem chelate Cd2 + thiab tso tawm Cd-muaj cov siv lead ua los ntawm cov hlwb trichome sab saud, txo cov Cd2 + hauv lub cev16. Oxalic acid tuaj yeem tswj cov av pH, txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) thiab catalase (CAT), thiab tswj kev nkag mus ntawm cov suab thaj soluble, cov protein soluble, cov amino acid dawb thiab proline. Cov tshuaj tswj kev ua haujlwm metabolic17,18. Acid thiab ntau dhau Ca2 + hauv cov nroj tsuag tsim cov calcium oxalate precipitate nyob rau hauv qhov kev ua ntawm cov protein nucleating. Kev tswj hwm qhov Ca2+ concentration hauv cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem ua tiav kev tswj hwm ntawm cov oxalic acid yaj thiab Ca2+ hauv cov nroj tsuag thiab zam kev sib sau ua ke ntawm oxalic acid thiab Ca2+19,20 ntau dhau.
Qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov txiv qaub uas siv yog ib qho ntawm cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau qhov kho kom zoo. Nws tau pom tias qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov txiv qaub yog txij li 750 txog 6000 kg / m2. Rau cov av acidic nrog pH ntawm 5.0 ~ 5.5, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv txiv qaub ntawm qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm 3000 ~ 6000 kg / h / m2 yog siab dua li ntawm qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm 750 kg / h / m221. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv txiv qaub ntau dhau yuav ua rau muaj qee qhov tsis zoo rau cov av, xws li kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb hauv av pH thiab av compaction22. Yog li ntawd, peb tau txhais cov theem kho CaO li 0, 750, 2250 thiab 3750 kg hm-2. Thaum oxalic acid tau siv rau Arabidopsis thaliana, nws tau pom tias Ca2 + tau txo qis ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 10 mmol L-1, thiab CRT gene tsev neeg, uas cuam tshuam rau Ca2 + signaling, teb tau zoo20. Qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawm qee qhov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los tau tso cai rau peb txiav txim siab qhov kev sib xyaw ntawm qhov kev xeem no thiab kawm ntxiv txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj ntxiv sab nraud ntawm Ca2+ thiab Cd2+23,24,25. Yog li ntawd, txoj kev tshawb fawb no lub hom phiaj yog los tshawb nrhiav cov txheej txheem tswj hwm ntawm cov kua qaub ntsuab thiab oxalic acid nplooj tsuag ntawm cov ntsiab lus Cd thiab kev ua siab ntev ntawm Panax notoginseng hauv cov av uas muaj Cd thiab tshawb nrhiav ntxiv txog txoj hauv kev kom ntseeg tau tias cov tshuaj zoo thiab ua tau zoo. Kev tsim khoom Panax notoginseng. Nws muab cov lus qhia tseem ceeb txog kev nce qib ntawm kev cog qoob loo hauv cov av uas muaj cadmium thiab ua tiav cov khoom tsim tau zoo, ruaj khov uas kev lag luam tshuaj xav tau.
Siv cov ginseng hauv zos Wenshan Panax notoginseng ua cov khoom siv, kev sim ua teb tau ua nyob rau hauv Lannizhai, Qiubei County, Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province (24 ° 11′N, 104 ° 3′E, qhov siab 1446 m). Qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo kub yog 17 ° C thiab qhov nruab nrab txhua xyoo nag yog 1250 hli. Cov nqi keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov av kawm yog TN 0.57 g kg-1, TP 1.64 g kg-1, TC 16.31 g kg-1, OM 31.86 g kg-1, alkali hydrolyzed N 88.82 mg kg-1, phosphorus dawb. 18.55 mg kg-1, potassium dawb 100.37 mg kg-1, tag nrho cadmium 0.3 mg kg-1, pH 5.4.
Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 10, 2017, 6 mg/kg Cd2+ (CdCl2·2.5H2O) thiab kev kho mob txiv qaub (0, 750, 2250 thiab 3750 kg/h/m2) tau sib xyaw thiab siv rau saum npoo av hauv ib txheej ntawm 0~10 cm ntawm txhua daim phiaj. . Txhua qhov kev kho mob tau rov ua dua 3 zaug. Cov phiaj xwm sim tau nyob rau hauv qhov chaw random, txhua daim phiaj npog thaj tsam ntawm 3 m2. Cov noob Panax notoginseng uas muaj ib xyoos tau cog tom qab 15 hnub ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb. Thaum siv lub hnub ci ntsa iab, lub zog ntawm Panax notoginseng hauv lub hnub ci ntsa iab yog li 18% ntawm lub zog ntawm lub teeb ntuj ib txwm muaj. Kev cog qoob loo yog ua raws li cov txheej txheem cog qoob loo hauv zos. Ua ntej theem ripening ntawm Panax notoginseng hauv 2019, tshuaj tsuag oxalic acid hauv daim ntawv ntawm sodium oxalate. Cov tshuaj oxalic acid concentration yog 0, 0.1 thiab 0.2 mol L-1, raws li, thiab NaOH tau siv los kho pH rau 5.16 los ua qauv pH nruab nrab ntawm cov kua dej khib nyiab. Tshuaj tsuag rau sab saud thiab sab hauv qab ntawm nplooj ib zaug ib lub lim tiam thaum 8:00 sawv ntxov. Tom qab tshuaj tsuag 4 zaug hauv lub lim tiam thib 5, cov nroj tsuag Panax notoginseng uas muaj 3 xyoos tau sau.
Thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2019, cov nroj tsuag Panax notoginseng uas muaj peb xyoos tau raug sau los ntawm thaj teb thiab txau nrog oxalic acid. Qee cov qauv ntawm cov nroj tsuag Panax notoginseng uas muaj peb xyoos uas xav tau kev ntsuas rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm enzyme tau muab tso rau hauv cov raj kom khov. , khov sai sai nrog cov kua nitrogen thiab tom qab ntawd xa mus rau lub tub yees ntawm -80 ° C. Qee cov qauv hauv paus uas yuav ntsuas rau Cd thiab cov khoom xyaw nquag thaum lub sijhawm loj hlob tau ntxuav nrog dej kais, ziab ntawm 105 ° C rau 30 feeb, ntawm qhov hnyav tas li ntawm 75 ° C, thiab zom hauv lub mortar rau khaws cia.
Hnyav 0.2 g ntawm cov qauv cog qhuav, muab tso rau hauv lub raj mis Erlenmeyer, ntxiv 8 ml HNO3 thiab 2 ml HClO4 thiab npog ib hmos. Hnub tom qab, siv lub raj mis nkhaus uas muab tso rau hauv lub raj mis Erlenmeyer rau kev zom zaub mov electrothermal kom txog thaum muaj pa dawb tshwm sim thiab cov kua zaub mov khiav tawm dawb. Tom qab txias mus rau qhov kub thiab txias hauv chav tsev, cov khoom sib tov tau hloov mus rau hauv lub raj mis volumetric 10 ml. Cov ntsiab lus Cd tau txiav txim siab siv lub tshuab ntsuas atomic absorption (Thermo ICE™ 3300 AAS, USA). (GB/T 23739-2009).
Hnyav 0.2 g ntawm cov qauv cog qhuav, muab tso rau hauv lub raj mis yas 50 ml, ntxiv 1 mol L-1 HCL rau hauv 10 ml, kaw lub hau thiab co zoo rau 15 teev thiab lim. Siv lub pipette, pipet qhov ntau ntawm cov lim dej uas xav tau, dilute nws raws li qhov tsim nyog thiab ntxiv SrCl2 kua kom coj Sr2+ concentration mus rau 1g L-1. Ca cov ntsiab lus tau ntsuas siv lub atomic absorption spectrometer (Thermo ICE™ 3300 AAS, USA).
Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) thiab catalase (CAT) cov txheej txheem siv cov khoom siv (DNM-9602, Beijing Prong New Technology Co., Ltd., kev sau npe khoom), siv cov khoom siv ntsuas sib xws. No.: Beijing Pharmacopoeia (muaj tseeb) 2013 No. 2400147).
Hnyav li 0.05 g ntawm Panax notoginseng qauv thiab ntxiv cov anthrone-sulfuric acid reagent raws ntug ntawm lub raj. Co lub raj rau 2-3 vib nas this kom sib tov cov kua kom huv si. Muab lub raj tso rau ntawm lub khib raj kom tsim xim rau 15 feeb. Cov suab thaj uas yaj tau txiav txim siab los ntawm ultraviolet-pom spectrophotometry (UV-5800, Shanghai Yuanxi Instrument Co., Ltd., Tuam Tshoj) ntawm qhov ntev ntawm 620 nm.
Hnyav 0.5 g ntawm cov qauv tshiab ntawm Panax notoginseng, zom nws ua homogenate nrog 5 ml dej distilled, thiab tom qab ntawd centrifuge ntawm 10,000 g rau 10 feeb. Cov supernatant tau diluted rau qhov ntim ruaj khov. Siv txoj kev Coomassie Brilliant Blue. Cov protein soluble tau ntsuas siv ultraviolet-pom spectrophotometry (UV-5800, Shanghai Yuanxi Instrument Co., Ltd., Tuam Tshoj) ntawm qhov wavelength ntawm 595 nm thiab xam raws li tus qauv nkhaus ntawm bovine serum albumin.
Hnyav 0.5 g ntawm cov qauv tshiab, ntxiv 5 ml ntawm 10% acetic acid, zom kom homogenate, lim thiab dilute kom ntim tas li. Txoj kev tsim xim tau siv nrog cov kua ninhydrin. Cov ntsiab lus amino acid dawb tau txiav txim siab los ntawm UV-pom spectrophotometry (UV-5800, Shanghai Yuanxi Instrument Co., Ltd., Tuam Tshoj) ntawm 570 nm thiab xam raws li leucine tus qauv nkhaus28.
Hnyav 0.5 g ntawm cov qauv tshiab, ntxiv 5 ml ntawm 3% cov tshuaj sulfosalicylic acid, cua sov hauv dej da dej thiab co rau 10 feeb. Tom qab txias, cov tshuaj tau lim thiab coj mus rau qhov ntim tas li. Txoj kev colorimetric nrog acid ninhydrin tau siv. Cov ntsiab lus Proline tau txiav txim siab los ntawm ultraviolet-pom spectrophotometry (UV-5800, Shanghai Yuanxi Instrument Co., Ltd., Tuam Tshoj) ntawm qhov ntev ntawm 520 nm thiab xam raws li proline tus qauv nkhaus29.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm saponin tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev siv cov kua chromatography ua haujlwm siab nrog rau kev siv Pharmacopoeia ntawm Lub Tebchaws Suav (2015 tsab). Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv cov kua chromatography ua haujlwm siab yog siv cov kua siab ua theem txawb thiab siv cov thev naus laus zis sib cais cov khoom me me ntawm cov chromatography ua haujlwm siab rau theem ruaj khov. Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm yog raws li nram no:
HPLC Cov Xwm Txheej thiab Kev Ntsuas Qhov Tsim Nyog ntawm Lub System (Rooj 1): Siv octadecylsilane bound silica gel ua tus filler, acetonitrile ua theem txav tau A thiab dej ua theem txav tau B. Ua gradient elution raws li qhia hauv lub rooj hauv qab no. Qhov ntev ntawm kev kuaj pom yog 203 nm. Raws li R1 peak ntawm tag nrho cov saponins ntawm Panax notoginseng, tus lej ntawm cov phaj theoretical yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 4000.
Kev npaj cov tshuaj txheem: Ntsuas qhov hnyav ntawm ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1 thiab notoginsenoside R1 kom raug thiab ntxiv methanol los npaj cov tshuaj sib tov uas muaj 0.4 mg ginsenoside Rg1, 0.4 mg ginsenoside Rb1 thiab 0.1 mg notoginsenoside R1 rau txhua 1 ml ntawm cov tshuaj.
Kev Npaj Cov Tshuaj Ntsuas: Ntsuas 0.6 g Panax ginseng hmoov thiab ntxiv 50 ml methanol. Cov tshuaj sib xyaw tau raug ntsuas (W1) thiab tso tseg ib hmos. Cov tshuaj sib xyaw tom qab ntawd tau raug rhaub maj mam hauv lub dab dej dej ntawm 80 ° C rau 2 teev. Tom qab txias, ntsuas cov tshuaj sib xyaw thiab ntxiv cov methanol uas tau npaj tseg rau thawj qhov hnyav W1. Tom qab ntawd co zoo thiab lim. Cov lim dej raug tso rau kev tshuaj xyuas.
Sau 10 μL ntawm cov kua txheem thiab 10 μL ntawm cov lim dej kom raug thiab txhaj rau hauv cov kua chromatograph ua haujlwm siab (Thermo HPLC-ultimate 3000, Seymour Fisher Technology Co., Ltd.) kom paub txog cov saponin 24.
Kab nkhaus txheem: kev ntsuas ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke ntawm Rg1, Rb1 thiab R1. Cov xwm txheej chromatography zoo ib yam li saum toj no. Xam cov kab nkhaus txheem los ntawm kev kos duab thaj chaw ntsuas siab tshaj plaws ntawm y-axis thiab qhov concentration ntawm saponin hauv cov tshuaj txheem ntawm x-axis. Qhov concentration ntawm saponin tuaj yeem suav los ntawm kev hloov thaj chaw ntsuas siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov qauv mus rau hauv kab nkhaus txheem.
Hnyav 0.1 g ntawm P. notogensings qauv thiab ntxiv 50 ml ntawm 70% CH3OH kua. Ultrasonic extraction tau ua tiav rau 2 teev, ua raws li centrifugation ntawm 4000 rpm rau 10 feeb. Noj 1 ml ntawm supernatant thiab dilute nws 12 zaug. Cov ntsiab lus flavonoid tau txiav txim siab siv ultraviolet-pom spectrophotometry (UV-5800, Shanghai Yuanxi Instrument Co., Ltd., Tuam Tshoj) ntawm qhov ntev ntawm 249 nm. Quercetin yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj txheem feem ntau8.
Cov ntaub ntawv tau teeb tsa siv Excel 2010 software. SPSS 20 statistical software tau siv los ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Cov duab tau kos siv Origin Pro 9.1. Cov nqi suav suav suav nrog qhov nruab nrab ± SD. Cov lus hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev suav suav yog raws li P <0.05.
Ntawm tib qhov concentration ntawm oxalic acid txau rau ntawm nplooj, cov Ca ntsiab lus hauv cov hauv paus ntawm Panax notoginseng nce ntxiv ntau thaum cov txiv qaub ntau ntxiv (Rooj 2). Piv rau qhov tsis muaj txiv qaub, cov Ca ntsiab lus nce 212% thaum ntxiv 3750 kg / h / m2 ntawm txiv qaub yam tsis tau txau oxalic acid. Rau tib qhov concentration ntawm txiv qaub siv, cov Ca ntsiab lus nce me ntsis thaum qhov concentration ntawm oxalic acid tsuag nce ntxiv.
Cov ntsiab lus Cd hauv cov cag yog txij li 0.22 txog 0.70 mg kg-1. Ntawm tib qhov concentration ntawm oxalic acid, thaum cov txiv qaub ntxiv nce ntxiv, cov ntsiab lus Cd ntawm 2250 kg/h txo qis heev. Piv rau cov tswj, cov ntsiab lus Cd hauv cov cag txo qis 68.57% tom qab txau nrog 2250 kg hm-2 txiv qaub thiab 0.1 mol l-1 oxalic acid. Thaum tsis muaj txiv qaub thiab 750 kg/h ntawm txiv qaub tau siv, cov ntsiab lus Cd hauv cov cag ntawm Panax notoginseng txo qis heev nrog kev nce concentration ntawm oxalic acid tsuag. Thaum 2250 kg/m2 txiv qaub thiab 3750 kg/m2 txiv qaub tau siv, cov ntsiab lus Cd hauv cov cag thawj zaug txo qis thiab tom qab ntawd nce nrog kev nce concentration ntawm oxalic acid. Ntxiv rau, kev tshuaj xyuas bivariate qhia tau hais tias txiv qaub ntsuab muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau Ca cov ntsiab lus ntawm Panax notoginseng cov hauv paus hniav (F = 82.84 **), txiv qaub ntsuab muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau Cd cov ntsiab lus hauv Panax notoginseng cov hauv paus hniav (F = 74.99 **), thiab oxalic acid. acid (F = 7.72 *).
Raws li qhov ntau ntawm cov txiv qaub ntxiv thiab qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj oxalic acid uas tau txau ntxiv, cov ntsiab lus MDA tau txo qis heev. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus MDA hauv cov hauv paus ntawm Panax notoginseng yam tsis muaj ntxiv cov txiv qaub thiab nrog rau kev ntxiv ntawm 3750 kg / m2 ntawm cov txiv qaub. Ntawm cov nqi thov ntawm 750 kg / h / m2 thiab 2250 kg / h / m2, cov ntsiab lus txiv qaub ntawm 0.2 mol / L oxalic acid tsuag kev kho mob txo qis los ntawm 58.38% thiab 40.21%, feem, piv nrog tsis muaj kev kho mob oxalic acid tsuag. Cov ntsiab lus MDA qis tshaj plaws (7.57 nmol g-1) tau pom thaum txau 750 kg hm-2 txiv qaub thiab 0.2 mol l-1 oxalic acid (Daim duab 1).
Cov nyhuv ntawm kev txau foliar nrog oxalic acid rau cov ntsiab lus malondialdehyde hauv Panax notoginseng cov hauv paus hniav nyob rau hauv cadmium kev ntxhov siab. Lus Cim: Cov lus dab neeg hauv daim duab qhia txog qhov concentration ntawm oxalic acid ntawm kev txau (mol L-1), cov ntawv me sib txawv qhia txog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob ntawm tib daim ntawv thov txiv qaub. tus lej (P < 0.05). Tib yam hauv qab no.
Tsuas yog siv cov kua qaub 3750 kg/h xwb, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm SOD kev ua haujlwm hauv cov hauv paus Panax notoginseng. Thaum ntxiv 0, 750 thiab 2250 kg/h/m2 ntawm cov kua qaub, SOD kev ua haujlwm thaum kho los ntawm kev txau nrog oxalic acid ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 0.2 mol/l yog qhov siab dua li tsis siv oxalic acid, nce los ntawm 177.89%, 61.62% thiab 45.08% feem. SOD kev ua haujlwm hauv cov hauv paus (598.18 U g-1) yog qhov siab tshaj plaws thaum tsis muaj kev siv kua qaub thiab thaum kho los ntawm kev txau nrog oxalic acid ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 0.2 mol/l. Thaum oxalic acid raug txau ntawm tib qhov concentration lossis 0.1 mol L-1, SOD kev ua haujlwm nce nrog kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov kua qaub ntxiv. Tom qab txau nrog 0.2 mol/L oxalic acid, SOD kev ua haujlwm txo qis (Daim Duab 2).
Cov nyhuv ntawm kev txau nplooj nrog oxalic acid rau ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm superoxide dismutase, peroxidase thiab catalase hauv cov hauv paus ntawm Panax notoginseng nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab cadmium.
Ib yam li SOD kev ua haujlwm hauv cov hauv paus, POD kev ua haujlwm hauv cov hauv paus kho tsis muaj txiv qaub ntsuab thiab txau nrog 0.2 mol L-1 oxalic acid yog qhov siab tshaj plaws (63.33 µmol g-1), uas yog 148.35% siab dua li kev tswj hwm (25.50 µmol g-1). Nrog rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm oxalic acid tsuag concentration thiab 3750 kg / m2 kev kho txiv qaub ntsuab, POD kev ua haujlwm thawj zaug nce thiab tom qab ntawd txo qis. Piv nrog kev kho mob nrog 0.1 mol L-1 oxalic acid, POD kev ua haujlwm thaum kho nrog 0.2 mol L-1 oxalic acid txo qis los ntawm 36.31% (Daim duab 2).
Tsuas yog txau 0.2 mol/l oxalic acid thiab ntxiv 2250 kg/h/m2 lossis 3750 kg/h/m2 txiv qaub ntsuab xwb, CAT kev ua haujlwm siab dua li kev tswj hwm. Thaum txau 0.1 mol/l oxalic acid thiab ntxiv 0.2250 kg/m2 lossis 3750 kg/h/m2 txiv qaub ntsuab, CAT kev ua haujlwm nce ntxiv 276.08%, 276.69% thiab 33.05%, raws li, piv rau kev kho mob yam tsis txau oxalic acid. CAT kev ua haujlwm hauv cov hauv paus hniav yog qhov siab tshaj plaws (803.52 μmol/g) hauv kev kho mob tsis muaj txiv qaub ntsuab thiab hauv kev kho mob 0.2 mol/L oxalic acid. CAT kev ua haujlwm yog qhov qis tshaj plaws (172.88 μmol/g) thaum kho nrog 3750 kg/h/m2 ntawm txiv qaub ntsuab thiab 0.2 mol/L oxalic acid (Daim duab 2).
Kev tshuaj xyuas ob yam qhia tau hais tias CAT kev ua haujlwm thiab MDA kev ua haujlwm ntawm Panax notoginseng cov hauv paus hniav tau cuam tshuam nrog qhov ntau ntawm oxalic acid lossis txiv qaub tsuag thiab ob qho kev kho mob (Rooj 3). SOD kev ua haujlwm hauv cov hauv paus hniav tau cuam tshuam nrog txiv qaub thiab oxalic acid kev kho mob lossis oxalic acid tsuag concentration. Cov hauv paus hniav POD kev ua haujlwm tau nyob ntawm qhov ntau ntawm txiv qaub siv lossis txiv qaub thiab oxalic acid kev kho mob.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab thaj uas yaj tau hauv cov cag tau txo qis nrog rau kev siv cov txiv qaub ntau ntxiv thiab kev siv cov tshuaj tsuag oxalic acid ntau ntxiv. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab thaj uas yaj tau hauv cov cag Panax notoginseng yam tsis siv cov txiv qaub thiab thaum siv 750 kg/h/m2 ntawm cov txiv qaub. Thaum siv 2250 kg/m2 ntawm cov txiv qaub, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab thaj uas yaj tau thaum kho nrog 0.2 mol/L oxalic acid tau siab dua li thaum kho yam tsis siv cov tshuaj tsuag oxalic acid, nce ntxiv 22.81%. Thaum siv 3750 kg/m2 ntawm cov txiv qaub, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab thaj uas yaj tau txo qis vim tias qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag oxalic acid nce ntxiv. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab thaj uas yaj tau thaum kho nrog 0.2 mol L-1 oxalic acid tau txo qis 38.77% piv rau qhov tsis siv cov tshuaj tsuag oxalic acid. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv tshuaj tsuag oxalic acid 0.2 mol·L-1 muaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab thaj uas yaj tau qis tshaj plaws, uas yog 205.80 mg·g-1 (Daim Duab 3).
Cov nyhuv ntawm kev txau foliar nrog oxalic acid rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov suab thaj tag nrho thiab cov protein soluble hauv Panax notoginseng cov hauv paus hniav hauv qab cadmium kev ntxhov siab.
Cov protein uas yaj tau hauv cov cag txo qis nrog kev siv cov txiv qaub ntsuab ntau ntxiv thiab kev siv tshuaj tsuag oxalic acid. Yog tsis muaj ntxiv cov txiv qaub ntsuab, cov protein uas yaj tau thaum kho nrog tshuaj tsuag oxalic acid ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 0.2 mol L-1 tau txo qis los ntawm 16.20% piv rau kev tswj hwm. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv cov protein uas yaj tau ntawm cov cag Panax notoginseng thaum siv 750 kg/h ntawm txiv qaub ntsuab. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev siv 2250 kg/h/m2 ntawm txiv qaub ntsuab, cov protein uas yaj tau ntawm 0.2 mol/L oxalic acid tshuaj tsuag kho tau siab dua li ntawm kev siv tshuaj tsuag uas tsis yog oxalic acid (35.11%). Thaum siv 3750 kg·h/m2 ntawm txiv qaub ntsuab, cov protein uas yaj tau txo qis vim tias qhov concentration ntawm oxalic acid tshuaj tsuag nce ntxiv, nrog rau cov protein uas yaj tau qis tshaj plaws (269.84 μg·g-1) thaum siv tshuaj tsuag oxalic acid yog 0.2 mol·L-1. kev kho (Daim duab 3).
Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov amino acid dawb hauv cov hauv paus ntawm Panax notoginseng thaum tsis muaj txiv qaub. Raws li qhov concentration ntawm oxalic acid tsuag nce thiab ntxiv 750 kg / h / m2 ntawm txiv qaub, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov amino acid dawb thawj zaug txo qis thiab tom qab ntawd nce. Piv nrog rau kev kho mob yam tsis muaj kev tsuag oxalic acid, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov amino acid dawb nce ntxiv los ntawm 33.58% thaum tsuag 2250 kg hm-2 txiv qaub thiab 0.2 mol l-1 oxalic acid. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov amino acid dawb txo qis nrog kev nce concentration ntawm oxalic acid tsuag thiab ntxiv 3750 kg / m2 ntawm txiv qaub. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov amino acid dawb ntawm 0.2 mol L-1 oxalic acid tsuag kho tau txo qis los ntawm 49.76% piv nrog kev kho mob tsis yog oxalic acid tsuag. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov amino acid dawb yog siab tshaj plaws yam tsis muaj oxalic acid tsuag thiab yog 2.09 mg g-1. Kev kho mob oxalic acid 0.2 mol/L muaj cov amino acid dawb qis tshaj plaws (1.05 mg/g) (Daim Duab 4).
Cov nyhuv ntawm kev txau nplooj nrog oxalic acid rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov amino acids dawb thiab proline hauv cov hauv paus ntawm Panax notoginseng nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej cadmium.
Cov proline hauv cov cag txo qis nrog rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov txiv qaub ntsuab thiab qhov ntau ntawm kev txau nrog oxalic acid. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov proline ntawm Panax ginseng cag thaum tsis tau txau txiv qaub ntsuab. Raws li qhov concentration ntawm oxalic acid tsuag nce thiab daim ntawv thov ntawm 750 lossis 2250 kg / m2 ntawm txiv qaub ntsuab nce, cov ntsiab lus proline thawj zaug txo qis thiab tom qab ntawd nce. Cov ntsiab lus proline ntawm 0.2 mol L-1 oxalic acid tsuag kho tau siab dua li ntawm 0.1 mol L-1 oxalic acid tsuag kho, nce los ntawm 19.52% thiab 44.33%, raws li. Thaum ntxiv 3750 kg / m2 ntawm txiv qaub ntsuab, cov ntsiab lus proline txo qis raws li qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag oxalic acid nce. Tom qab txau 0.2 mol L-1 oxalic acid, cov ntsiab lus proline txo qis los ntawm 54.68% piv rau qhov tsis muaj tshuaj tsuag oxalic acid. Cov proline qis tshaj plaws yog thaum kho nrog 0.2 mol / l oxalic acid thiab yog 11.37 μg / g (Daim Duab 4).
Tag nrho cov saponin ntsiab lus hauv Panax notoginseng yog Rg1>Rb1>R1. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm peb lub saponins nrog kev nce concentration ntawm oxalic acid tsuag thiab concentration tsis muaj lime daim ntawv thov (Table 4).
Cov ntsiab lus R1 tom qab txau 0.2 mol L-1 oxalic acid qis dua li tsis txau oxalic acid thiab siv cov txiv qaub ntawm 750 lossis 3750 kg / m2. Ntawm qhov concentration ntawm oxalic acid txau ntawm 0 lossis 0.1 mol / L, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv cov ntsiab lus R1 nrog kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov txiv qaub ntxiv. Ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 0.2 mol / L oxalic acid, cov ntsiab lus R1 hauv 3750 kg / h / m2 ntawm txiv qaub qis dua 43.84% yam tsis ntxiv txiv qaub (Rooj 4).
Raws li qhov concentration ntawm oxalic acid tsuag nce thiab 750 kg / m2 ntawm cov txiv qaub ntsuab tau ntxiv, cov ntsiab lus Rg1 thawj zaug nce thiab tom qab ntawd txo qis. Ntawm cov nqi thov txiv qaub ntsuab ntawm 2250 thiab 3750 kg / h, cov ntsiab lus Rg1 txo qis nrog rau qhov concentration ntawm oxalic acid tsuag nce. Ntawm tib qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag oxalic acid, raws li qhov ntau ntawm cov txiv qaub ntsuab nce, cov ntsiab lus Rg1 thawj zaug nce thiab tom qab ntawd txo qis. Piv nrog rau kev tswj hwm, tshwj tsis yog cov ntsiab lus Rg1 hauv peb qhov concentration ntawm oxalic acid thiab 750 kg / m2 txiv qaub ntsuab kho, uas siab dua li kev tswj hwm, cov ntsiab lus Rg1 hauv Panax notoginseng cag hauv lwm yam kev kho mob qis dua li kev tswj hwm. kev tswj hwm. Cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws ntawm Rg1 yog thaum txau 750 kg / h / m2 ntawm txiv qaub ntsuab thiab 0.1 mol / l oxalic acid, uas yog 11.54% siab dua li kev tswj hwm (Rooj 4).
Raws li qhov concentration ntawm oxalic acid thiab cov txiv qaub ntsuab siv nce ntawm qhov ntws ntawm 2250 kg / h, cov ntsiab lus Rb1 nce ua ntej thiab tom qab ntawd txo qis. Tom qab txau 0.1 mol L-1 oxalic acid, cov ntsiab lus Rb1 tau mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 3.46%, uas yog 74.75% siab dua li tsis txau oxalic acid. Rau lwm yam kev kho mob txiv qaub ntsuab, tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov concentration sib txawv ntawm oxalic acid tsuag. Tom qab txau nrog 0.1 thiab 0.2 mol L-1 oxalic acid, raws li cov nqi ntawm txiv qaub ntsuab nce, cov ntsiab lus Rb1 thawj zaug txo qis thiab tom qab ntawd txo qis (Rooj 4).
Ntawm tib qhov kev tsuag tshuaj nrog oxalic acid, raws li qhov ntau ntawm cov txiv qaub ntxiv nce, cov ntsiab lus ntawm flavonoids ua ntej nce thiab tom qab ntawd txo qis. Tsis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm flavonoids tau pom thaum tsuag cov concentration sib txawv ntawm oxalic acid tsis muaj txiv qaub thiab 3750 kg / m2 ntawm txiv qaub. Thaum ntxiv 750 thiab 2250 kg / m2 ntawm txiv qaub, raws li qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag oxalic acid nce, cov ntsiab lus ntawm flavonoids ua ntej nce thiab tom qab ntawd txo qis. Thaum siv 750 kg / m2 thiab tsuag oxalic acid ntawm qhov concentration ntawm 0.1 mol / l, cov ntsiab lus ntawm flavonoids yog siab tshaj plaws - 4.38 mg / g, uas yog 18.38% siab dua li thaum ntxiv tib qhov ntau ntawm txiv qaub, thiab tsis tas yuav tsuag oxalic acid. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm flavonoids thaum kho nrog 0.1 mol L-1 oxalic acid tsuag nce 21.74% piv rau kev kho mob tsis muaj oxalic acid thiab kev kho mob nrog txiv qaub ntawm qhov koob tshuaj ntawm 2250 kg / m2 (Daim duab 5).
Cov nyhuv ntawm kev txau nplooj nrog oxalate rau ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm flavonoids hauv cov hauv paus ntawm Panax notoginseng nyob rau hauv cadmium kev ntxhov siab.
Kev tshuaj xyuas ob yam qhia tau hais tias cov suab thaj uas yaj tau ntawm cov hauv paus Panax notoginseng yog nyob ntawm seb cov txiv qaub ntau npaum li cas thiab qhov concentration ntawm oxalic acid uas tau txau. Cov protein uas yaj tau hauv cov hauv paus muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov koob tshuaj ntawm txiv qaub thiab oxalic acid. Cov amino acid dawb thiab proline hauv cov hauv paus muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov koob tshuaj ntawm txiv qaub, qhov concentration ntawm kev txau oxalic acid, txiv qaub thiab oxalic acid (Rooj 5).
Cov ntsiab lus R1 hauv cov cag Panax notoginseng yog nyob ntawm qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj oxalic acid uas tau txau, qhov ntau ntawm cov txiv qaub ntsuab, txiv qaub ntsuab thiab oxalic acid uas tau siv. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm flavonoids nyob ntawm qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj oxalic acid uas tau txau thiab qhov ntau ntawm cov txiv qaub ntsuab ntxiv.
Muaj ntau yam kev hloov kho tau siv los txo cov cadmium hauv cov nroj tsuag los ntawm kev kho cadmium hauv av, xws li txiv qaub ntsuab thiab oxalic acid30. Txiv qaub ntsuab yog siv dav ua kev hloov kho av los txo cov cadmium hauv cov qoob loo31. Liang et al.32 tau tshaj tawm tias oxalic acid kuj tseem siv tau los kho cov av uas muaj kuab lom nrog cov hlau hnyav. Tom qab ntxiv ntau yam kev sib xyaw ntawm oxalic acid rau hauv cov av uas muaj kuab lom, cov organic hauv av cov ntsiab lus nce ntxiv, lub peev xwm pauv cation txo qis, thiab pH nce ntxiv33. Oxalic acid kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau ions hauv av. Hauv qab cov xwm txheej kev ntxhov siab Cd, cov ntsiab lus Cd hauv Panax notoginseng nce ntxiv ntau piv rau kev tswj hwm. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias siv txiv qaub ntsuab, nws raug txo qis ntau. Thaum 750 kg / h / m ntawm txiv qaub ntsuab tau siv rau hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb no, cov ntsiab lus Cd ntawm cov hauv paus hniav tau mus txog tus qauv hauv tebchaws (Cd txwv yog Cd≤0.5 mg / kg, AQSIQ, GB / T 19086-200834), thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo. . Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog ua tiav los ntawm kev ntxiv 2250 kg / m2 ntawm txiv qaub ntsuab. Kev ntxiv txiv qaub ntsuab tsim ntau qhov chaw sib tw rau Ca2 + thiab Cd2 + hauv av, thiab kev ntxiv ntawm oxalic acid txo cov ntsiab lus Cd hauv cov hauv paus ntawm Panax notoginseng. Tom qab sib tov txiv qaub ntsuab thiab oxalic acid, cov ntsiab lus Cd ntawm Panax ginseng hauv paus txo qis thiab mus txog tus qauv hauv tebchaws. Ca2 + hauv av yog adsorbed rau ntawm cov hauv paus hniav los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntws loj thiab tuaj yeem nqus tau rau hauv cov hlwb hauv paus los ntawm cov calcium channel (Ca2 + channels), calcium twj (Ca2 + -AT-Pase) thiab Ca2 + / H + antiporters, thiab tom qab ntawd thauj mus rau kab rov tav. mus rau hauv paus. Xylem23. Muaj kev sib raug zoo tsis zoo ntawm Ca thiab Cd cov ntsiab lus hauv cov hauv paus (P <0.05). Cov ntsiab lus Cd txo qis nrog kev nce Ca cov ntsiab lus, uas yog sib xws nrog lub tswv yim ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Ca thiab Cd. ANOVA qhia tau hais tias qhov ntau ntawm txiv qaub ntsuab muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau cov ntsiab lus Ca hauv cov hauv paus ntawm Panax notoginseng. Pongrack et al. 35 tau tshaj tawm tias Cd khi rau oxalate hauv cov calcium oxalate crystals thiab sib tw nrog Ca. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm oxalic acid rau Ca tsis tseem ceeb. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias qhov kev sib sau ua ke ntawm calcium oxalate los ntawm oxalic acid thiab Ca2+ tsis yog kev sib sau ua ke yooj yim, thiab cov txheej txheem sib sau ua ke yuav raug tswj hwm los ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev metabolic.
Nyob rau hauv cadmium kev ntxhov siab, ntau cov reactive oxygen hom (ROS) tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, ua puas rau cov qauv ntawm cov cell membranes36. Malondialdehyde (MDA) cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem siv ua qhov qhia txog qib ntawm ROS thiab qib ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau plasma membrane ntawm cov nroj tsuag37. Lub kaw lus antioxidant yog ib qho tseem ceeb tiv thaiv mechanism rau scavenging reactive oxygen hom38. Cov dej num ntawm cov antioxidant enzymes (xws li POD, SOD, thiab CAT) feem ntau yog hloov pauv los ntawm cadmium kev ntxhov siab. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias MDA cov ntsiab lus tau zoo sib raug zoo nrog Cd concentration, qhia tias qhov dav ntawm cov nroj tsuag membrane lipid peroxidation tob zuj zus nrog kev nce Cd concentration37. Qhov no yog sib xws nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Ouyang et al.39. Kev tshawb fawb no qhia tau hais tias MDA cov ntsiab lus tau cuam tshuam los ntawm txiv qaub ntsuab, oxalic acid, txiv qaub ntsuab thiab oxalic acid. Tom qab siv 0.1 mol L-1 oxalic acid los ntawm lub tshuab nebulization, cov ntsiab lus MDA ntawm Panax notoginseng tau txo qis, qhia tias oxalic acid tuaj yeem txo qhov bioavailability ntawm Cd thiab ROS theem hauv Panax notoginseng. Lub kaw lus antioxidant enzyme yog qhov chaw uas cov nroj tsuag lub detoxification ua haujlwm. SOD tshem tawm O2- uas muaj nyob hauv cov hlwb ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsim cov O2 uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab cov tshuaj lom tsawg. POD thiab CAT tshem tawm H2O2 ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab ua rau cov H2O2 tawg mus ua H2O. Raws li kev tshuaj xyuas iTRAQ proteome, nws pom tias cov protein qhia ntawm SOD thiab PAL tau txo qis thiab cov protein qhia ntawm POD tau nce ntxiv tom qab siv txiv qaub ntsuab hauv qab Cd40 kev ntxhov siab. Cov haujlwm ntawm CAT, SOD thiab POD hauv cov hauv paus ntawm Panax notoginseng tau cuam tshuam loj heev los ntawm cov koob tshuaj ntawm oxalic acid thiab txiv qaub ntsuab. Kev kho tshuaj tsuag nrog 0.1 mol L-1 oxalic acid ua rau SOD thiab CAT ua haujlwm ntau ntxiv, tab sis qhov cuam tshuam ntawm POD ua haujlwm tsis pom tseeb. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias oxalic acid ua rau ROS tawg sai dua nyob rau hauv Cd kev ntxhov siab thiab feem ntau ua tiav kev tshem tawm H2O2 los ntawm kev tswj hwm kev ua haujlwm ntawm CAT, uas zoo ib yam li cov txiaj ntsig tshawb fawb ntawm Guo et al.41 ntawm cov enzymes antioxidant ntawm Pseudospermum sibiricum. Kos.). Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev ntxiv 750 kg / h / m2 ntawm txiv qaub rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov enzymes ntawm lub cev antioxidant thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm malondialdehyde zoo ib yam li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txau nrog oxalic acid. Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia tias kev kho tshuaj tsuag oxalic acid tuaj yeem txhim kho cov haujlwm ntawm SOD thiab CAT hauv Panax notoginseng thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab ntawm Panax notoginseng. Cov dej num ntawm SOD thiab POD tau txo qis los ntawm kev kho mob nrog 0.2 mol L-1 oxalic acid thiab 3750 kg hm-2 txiv qaub ntsuab, qhia tias kev txau ntau dhau ntawm cov concentration siab ntawm oxalic acid thiab Ca2+ yuav ua rau cov nroj tsuag ntxhov siab, uas yog sib xws nrog kev kawm ntawm Luo thiab lwm yam. Tos 42.