Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Chalmers University of Technology tau tawm tswv yim ib txoj hauv kev tshiab thiab zoo los rov ua dua cov hlau los ntawm cov roj teeb tsheb fais fab. Txoj kev no rov qab tau 100% txhuas thiab 98% lithium los ntawm cov roj teeb EV siv lawm. Qhov no txo ​​qhov kev poob ntawm cov khoom siv raw muaj nqis xws li nickel, cobalt thiab manganese. Cov txheej txheem tsis xav tau cov tshuaj kim lossis cov tshuaj lom neeg vim tias cov kws tshawb fawb siv oxalic acid, ib qho kua qaub uas kuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv lub nceeg vaj cog qoob loo.
Txog tam sim no, tseem tsis tau muaj leej twg nrhiav tau cov xwm txheej tsim nyog rau kev sib cais cov lithium no siv oxalic acid thiab tshem tawm tag nrho cov txhuas. Leah Rouquette, tus tub ntxhais kawm PhD hauv Department of Chemistry thiab Chemical Engineering ntawm Chalmers University of Technology, tau hais tias txij li thaum txhua lub roj teeb muaj txhuas, peb yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tshem tawm nws yam tsis poob lwm yam hlau.
Ntawm Chav Kuaj Xyuas Rov Siv Roj Teeb ntawm Chalmers University of Technology, Leah Rouquette thiab tus thawj coj tshawb fawb Martina Petranikova tau ua qauv qhia txog txoj kev tshiab ua haujlwm li cas. Lub chaw kuaj mob muaj cov roj teeb tsheb siv lawm, thiab hauv lub qhov cub muaj cov khoom tawg ua hmoov dub uas yaj hauv cov kua ntshiab - oxalic acid. Leah Rouquette siv yam zoo li lub tshuab sib tov hauv chav ua noj los sib tov cov kua thiab hmoov. Txawm hais tias nws zoo li yooj yim zoo li nws tab tom ua kas fes, txoj kev tshwj xeeb no yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab yog qhov kev tshawb fawb tshiab tshaj tawm. Los ntawm kev kho qhov kub thiab txias, kev xav thiab lub sijhawm, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsim ib daim ntawv qhia tshiab uas siv oxalic acid, ib qho khoom xyaw zoo rau ib puag ncig uas pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag xws li rhubarb thiab spinach.
Xav tau lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov tshuaj inorganic niaj hnub no. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws hauv cov txheej txheem niaj hnub no yog kev tshem tawm cov khoom seem xws li txhuas. Martina Petranikova, Tus Xib Fwb Pabcuam hauv Chav Haujlwm Chemistry thiab Chemical Engineering ntawm Chalmers University of Technology, tau hais tias nws yog ib txoj hauv kev tshiab uas tuaj yeem muab lwm txoj hauv kev tshiab rau kev lag luam rov ua dua tshiab thiab pab daws cov teeb meem uas cuam tshuam kev txhim kho.
Cov txheej txheem ua kua hu ua hydrometallurgy. Hauv hydrometallurgy ib txwm muaj, "cov khoom tsis huv" los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xws li txhuas thiab tooj liab raug tshem tawm ua ntej, thiab tom qab ntawd cov hlau muaj nqis xws li lithium, cobalt, nickel thiab manganese tuaj yeem siv tau. Txawm hais tias tsuas yog me me ntawm txhuas thiab tooj liab tseem tshuav, ntau theem ntawm kev ntxuav yuav tsum tau ua, thiab txhua theem ntawm cov txheej txheem ua rau muaj qhov xau. Hauv txoj kev tshiab, cov kws tshawb fawb tau hloov qhov txiav thiab thawj zaug cais cov lithium ntawm txhuas. Ua li no, lawv tuaj yeem txo qhov pov tseg ntawm cov hlau muaj nqis uas xav tau los ua cov roj teeb tshiab.
Txawm tias ib nrab thib ob ntawm cov txheej txheem—lim cov khoom sib xyaw tsaus—zoo li kev ua kas fes. Thaum txhuas thiab lithium nkag mus rau hauv cov kua, lwm cov hlau tseem nyob hauv "lub qhov dej." Kauj ruam tom ntej hauv cov txheej txheem no yog cais cov txhuas thiab lithium.
"Vim tias cov hlau no muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv heev, peb ntseeg tias kev cais lawv yuav tsis nyuaj. Peb txoj kev tshiab qhib txoj hauv kev tshiab rau kev siv roj teeb rov qab uas peb muaj txhua yam kev txhawb siab los tshawb nrhiav ntxiv," Leah Rouquette hais. "Vim tias txoj kev no kuj tuaj yeem siv tau rau ntawm qhov loj, peb vam tias nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev lag luam hauv xyoo tom ntej," Martina Petranikova hais.
Pawg tshawb fawb ntawm Martina Petranikova tau ua kev tshawb fawb txog kev siv hlau rov qab hauv cov roj teeb lithium-ion tau ntau xyoo. Pawg no koom tes nrog cov tuam txhab uas koom nrog kev siv roj teeb tsheb fais fab thiab yog tus khub hauv cov haujlwm R&D loj xws li Volvo Cars thiab Northvolt's Nybat project.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv txog kev tshawb fawb: Tsab xov xwm tshawb fawb "Kev xaiv rov qab los ntawm lithium los ntawm lithium-ion fais fab tsheb roj teeb: qauv thiab kev ua kom zoo dua siv oxalic acid ua lixiviant" tau luam tawm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm Separation thiab Purification Technology. Kev tshawb fawb tau ua los ntawm Leah Rouquette, Martina Petranikova thiab Natalia Vieceli los ntawm Department of Chemistry thiab Chemical Engineering ntawm Chalmers University of Technology. Kev tshawb fawb tau txais nyiaj los ntawm Swedish Energy Agency, Swedish Battery Base thiab Vinnova, thiab cov kev sim tau ua tiav los ntawm kev siv Volvo Cars fais fab tsheb roj teeb siv los ntawm Stena Recycling thiab Akkuser Oy.
Peb luam tawm ntau tsab xov xwm qhua los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij hauv ntau qhov chaw. Nov yog peb cov lus qhia rau cov neeg tshwj xeeb, cov koom haum, cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov tuam txhab.
Cov chaw nres nkoj yuav ntsiag to dua, tsis muaj kuab paug ntau, tso tawm cov pa roj av tsawg dua thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo dua. Txhua tus neeg yuav zoo dua...
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