Lub Koom Haum Tiv Thaiv Ib Puag Ncig ntawm Tebchaws Meskas (EPA) tau tshaj tawm tias yuav txwv tsis pub siv yuav luag txhua yam dichloromethane, tseem hu ua dichloromethane, uas yog ib yam khoom siv yaj thiab khoom siv pab ua cov khoom siv. Qhov kev tshaj tawm no yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau ntau lub lag luam, nrog rau ntawm 100 thiab 250 lab phaus ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg tsim tawm lossis xa tawm hauv xyoo 2019. Cov kev siv uas tseem tshuav, suav nrog kev siv ua cov tshuaj reagent rau kev tsim HFC-32, yuav raug txwv ntau dua li cov qauv OSHA tam sim no.
Lub EPA tau tshaj tawm cov kev txwv thiab kev txwv tsis pub siv hauv txoj cai uas tau tshaj tawm rau lub Tsib Hlis 3, 2023, 83 Fed. register. 28284. Daim ntawv thov no yuav txwv tsis pub siv lwm yam dichloromethane rau cov neeg siv khoom. Txhua yam kev siv dichloromethane hauv kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam, suav nrog kev siv cov kua hloov cua sov lossis lwm yam kev pab cuam, thiab feem ntau siv ua cov kuab tshuaj, kuj yuav raug txwv, tsuas yog kaum qhov kev siv tshwj xeeb, ob qho ntawm cov no yog cov kev siv tshwj xeeb heev. Kev siv txwv tsis pub siv thiab tsis suav nrog tau teev nyob rau thaum kawg ntawm cov lus ceeb toom no. Cov cai siv tshiab tseem ceeb yav tom ntej yuav suav nrog kev siv uas tsis suav nrog hauv ib daim ntawv teev npe.
Kaum qhov kev siv uas tsis suav nrog hauv kev txwv no yuav ua rau muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua raws li Txoj Kev Npaj Tiv Thaiv Tshuaj Lom Hauv Chaw Ua Haujlwm (WCPP) raws li tus qauv OSHA rau methylene chloride, tab sis nrog cov kev txwv kev raug tshuaj lom uas twb muaj lawm uas qis dua 92% dua li OSHA tso cai.
Cov neeg uas xav paub muaj sijhawm txog rau lub Xya Hli 3, 2023 los xa cov lus tawm tswv yim txog txoj cai uas tau npaj tseg. EPA tau thov kom muaj lus tawm tswv yim txog 44 lub ncauj lus, suav nrog seb qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm WCPP puas yuav tsum hloov qhov kev txwv tsis pub siv tshwj xeeb thiab seb puas muaj peev xwm ua kom lub sijhawm txwv tsis pub siv sai dua. EPA kuj tau thov kom muaj lus tawm tswv yim txog seb puas muaj kev siv txwv tsis pub siv uas tsim nyog ua kev siv tseem ceeb lossis tseem ceeb, vim tias tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev nyab xeeb dua.
Daim ntawv thov no yog daim ntawv thov thib ob uas EPA tau thov rau kaum yam tshuaj tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam kev pheej hmoo raws li Tshooj 6 ntawm Txoj Cai Tswj Xyuas Cov Khoom Lom (TSCA). Ua ntej, qhov no yog daim ntawv thov kom txwv tsis pub siv lwm yam chrysotile. Txoj cai thib peb hais txog perchlorethylene, uas tau raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas thiab Nyiaj Txiag (OMB) txij li Lub Ob Hlis 23, 2023. Txij li Lub Peb Hlis 20, 2023, daim ntawv cai kawg rau chrysotile (saib peb cov lus ceeb toom) tau raug tshuaj xyuas los ntawm OMB.
Ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas kev pheej hmoo thaum Lub Rau Hli 2020 pom tias muaj kev pheej hmoo tsis tsim nyog hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej tshwj tsis yog rau qhov xwm txheej uas siv methylene chloride. Tag nrho rau qhov xwm txheej tam sim no tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv teev cov lus pom zoo siv raws li WCPP cov cai. Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 2022 cov lus txhais ntawm kev pheej hmoo tau hloov kho qhia tau hais tias dichloromethane muaj kev pheej hmoo tsis tsim nyog, tsuas yog ib qho xwm txheej ntawm kev siv (kev faib khoom lag luam) tsis cuam tshuam rau cov lus txhais. Qhov kev txwv tsis pub siv yuav suav nrog kev faib khoom lag luam rau cov hom phiaj txwv tsis pub siv, tab sis tsis yog rau kev siv raws li WCPP. Tom qab pom tias dichloromethane muaj kev pheej hmoo tsis tsim nyog, Tshooj 6(a) ntawm TSCA tam sim no xav kom EPA txais yuav cov cai tswj kev pheej hmoo rau cov tshuaj mus rau qhov tsim nyog kom nws tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo zoo li no lawm.
EPA yav dhau los txwv tsis pub cov neeg siv khoom siv methylene chloride los tshem tawm cov xim thiab cov txheej txheem, 40 CFR § 751.105. Tam sim no EPA tab tom thov kom txwv txhua yam kev siv rau cov neeg siv khoom uas tsis suav nrog hauv ntu 751.105, suav nrog kev tsim khoom, kev ua tiav, thiab kev faib khoom lag luam ntawm methylene chloride thiab cov khoom lag luam uas muaj methylene chloride rau cov hom phiaj no.
Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, EPA tab tom thov kom txwv tsis pub siv dichloromethane hauv kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam uas tsis raug rau WCPP cov kev cai, suav nrog kev tsim khoom, kev ua tiav, kev faib khoom lag luam, thiab kev siv raws li cov xwm txheej no.
Qhov kawg ntawm cov lus ceeb toom no teev 45 yam kev mob hauv kev lag luam, kev lag luam, thiab cov neeg siv khoom uas tau thov kom txwv tsis pub siv. Daim ntawv teev npe no yog coj los ntawm Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Pheej Hmoo Xyoo 2020. Tsis tas li ntawd, EPA npaj yuav txais yuav Txoj Cai Siv Tshiab Tseem Ceeb (SNUR) uas yuav siv rau txhua yam dichloromethane lossis cov khoom muaj dichloromethane uas tsis suav nrog hauv kev ntsuam xyuas kev pheej hmoo. Cov txheej txheem kev cai lij choj uas tau tshaj tawm thaum Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj kwv yees txog SNUR uas tau npaj tseg los ntawm Lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj xyoo 2023 (EPA twb tsis tau ua tiav hnub ntawd lawm) thiab SNUR kawg los ntawm Lub Peb Hlis Ntuj xyoo 2024.
EPA kwv yees tias qhov kev txwv no yuav suav txog li ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tsim tawm txhua xyoo lossis xa tawm methylene chloride rau TSCA thiab lwm yam kev siv.
[T] txoj cai uas tau muab tso tawm yuav tsis siv rau txhua yam khoom uas raug tshem tawm ntawm cov lus txhais ntawm "tshuaj lom neeg" raws li Tshooj 3(2)(B)(ii)-(vi) ntawm TSCA. Cov kev zam no suav nrog, tab sis tsis txwv rau ... txhua yam khoom noj, khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv, tshuaj, tshuaj pleev ib ce, lossis khoom siv, raws li tau txhais hauv Tshooj 201 ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Khoom Noj, Tshuaj, thiab Tshuaj Pleev Ib Ce, thaum tsim, ua tiav, lossis faib rau kev lag luam. . rau kev siv hauv cov khoom noj, khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv, tshuaj, tshuaj pleev ib ce lossis khoom siv ...
Hais txog cov nplaum hauv kev tsim cov roj teeb uas npaj rau kev siv kho mob, raws li tau txhais hauv ntu 201 (h) ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Cov Khoom Noj, Tshuaj, thiab Kev Zoo Nkauj Txoj Cai, cov kev siv tshwj xeeb uas tsim nyog ua "cov khoom siv" yog tias "tsim, ua tiav, lossis faib rau kev siv ua khoom siv" yuav raug tshem tawm ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm "tshuaj lom neeg" thiab yog li ntawd yuav tsis raug rau txoj cai yog tias nws tau tsim ntxiv.
Kev siv dichloromethane ua cov kua dej ua haujlwm hauv lub kaw lus kaw hauv cov txheej txheem tshuaj yuav tsum tau siv nws ua cov kuab tshuaj rho tawm hauv kev ntxuav tshuaj, thiab [EPA] tau xaus lus tias qhov kev siv no poob rau hauv qab kev zam rau cov lus txhais saum toj no, thiab tsis yog "tshuaj lom neeg" raws li TSCA.
Txwv tsis pub muaj kev txhawb siab uas txwv tsis pub khaws cia methylene chloride thiab cov khoom uas muaj methylene chloride. EPA thov kom tawm tswv yim txog seb puas xav tau sijhawm ntxiv, piv txwv li, los ntxuav cov kev faib khoom rau cov khoom txwv tsis pub. Vim muaj kev thov kom tawm tswv yim tam sim no, EPA yuav tsis xav txog cov lus thov txuas ntxiv tom qab.
Raws li tau qhia los ntawm 45 Txoj Cai Txwv Tsis Pub Siv, methylene chloride siv rau hauv ntau yam lag luam, suav nrog ua cov kuab tshuaj thiab ua cov khoom pab ua. Yog li ntawd, daim ntawv thov, yog tias nws raug ua tiav, yuav cuam tshuam rau ntau lub lag luam. Daim Ntawv Soj Ntsuam Kev Pheej Hmoo Xyoo 2020 qhia txog qee qhov chaw siv:
Dichloromethane muaj ntau yam kev siv, suav nrog cov tshuaj sealant, cov khoom siv hauv tsheb, thiab cov tshuaj tshem xim thiab txheej. Dichloromethane paub zoo tias yog cov tshuaj yaj hauv cov txheej txheem hauv cov tshuaj pleev xim thiab hauv cov tshuaj thiab cov ntawv thov txheej txheej. Nws yog siv ua tus neeg sawv cev rau polyurethane thiab hauv kev tsim cov hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants xws li HFC-32. Nws kuj pom muaj nyob rau hauv aerosol propellants thiab cov tshuaj yaj siv hauv kev tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob, kev ntxuav hlau thiab kev tshem roj, thiab kev ua tiav rooj tog.
Qhov kev cia siab ntawm kev txwv tsis pub siv feem ntau ntawm cov methylene chloride ua rau muaj lus nug txog lwm txoj hauv kev. EPA xav txog qhov teeb meem no thaum soj ntsuam lwm txoj hauv kev, uas tau piav qhia hauv cov lus qhia ua ntej raws li hauv qab no:
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab cov nqe lus siv rau cov khoom uas tam sim no muaj methylene chloride, EPA tau txheeb xyuas ntau pua lwm txoj hauv kev uas tsis yog methylene chloride muaj nyob hauv khw thiab, raws li qhov ua tau, tau teev lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb lossis cov khoom xyaw hauv Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Lwm Txoj Hauv Kev.
EPA tau txheeb xyuas 65 yam khoom siv lwm yam hauv pawg tshuaj pleev xim thiab tshuaj pleev xim, uas yog ib pawg me me (ref. 48). Raws li tau hais hauv kev tshuaj xyuas kev lag luam, thaum tsis yog txhua yam khoom siv lwm yam no yuav haum rau cov hom phiaj tshwj xeeb ntawm qee cov ntawv thov kho rooj tog, cov txheej txheem kho tshuab lossis cua sov yuav yog lwm txoj hauv kev uas tsis yog tshuaj rau kev siv cov khoom uas muaj methylene chloride rau kev tshem tawm xim thiab tshuaj pleev xim. … …EPA ntseeg tias muaj lwm txoj hauv kev siv tau zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev ua lag luam…
[A] Lwm txoj hauv kev rau methylene chloride tsis tau txheeb xyuas tias yog cov khoom pab ua cov txheej txheem. EPA tab tom thov cov ntaub ntawv txog lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov khoom pab ua cov txheej txheem methylene chloride raws li nws cuam tshuam nrog cov kev xaiv tswj hwm raws li Daim Ntawv Cog Lus no.
Qhov tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev uas tau txheeb xyuas uas siv tau ua cov khoom pab yog qhov teeb meem. EPA piav qhia txog cov nqe lus siv li:
Kev siv dichloromethane hauv kev lag luam lossis kev lag luam los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem lossis cov khoom siv ua haujlwm, lossis thaum dichloromethane raug ntxiv rau hauv cov txheej txheem lossis rau cov tshuaj lossis cov khoom sib xyaw uas yuav tsum tau kho kom hloov lossis buffer lub pH ntawm cov tshuaj lossis cov khoom sib xyaw. Tus neeg sawv cev kho tsis yog ib feem ntawm cov khoom tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj lossis cov khoom tshwm sim.
Dichloromethane yog siv ua "cov khoom siv ntxiv rau txheej txheem" ​​thiab siv ua cov khoom siv hloov pauv cua sov hauv cov kab ke kaw. Txoj cai uas tau hais tseg kuj tseem yuav txwv tsis pub siv dichloromethane no txawm tias nws muaj peev xwm raug tshuaj tsawg. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus qhia ua ntej ntxiv tias:
EPA tau thov kom muaj lus tawm tswv yim txog qhov uas lwm lub koom haum siv methylene chloride ua cov khoom pab ua haujlwm yuav ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm WCPP rau methylene chloride. Yog tias ntau lub koom haum tuaj yeem ua pov thawj los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv saib xyuas thiab cov lus piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem tias kev siv methylene chloride txuas ntxiv tsis ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj kev pheej hmoo tsis tsim nyog, EPA lees paub nws qhov kev txaus siab los ua kom tiav txoj cai hauv qab cov xwm txheej [piv txwv li siv ua cov khoom siv hloov pauv cua sov] lossis cov xwm txheej dav dav ntawm kev siv [ua cov khoom pab ua haujlwm] yuav txuas ntxiv mus raws li WCPP…
Yog li, cov tuam txhab uas siv methylene chloride hauv cov ntawv thov uas muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam tsawg, xws li cov kua hloov pauv cua sov, muaj kev xaiv los thov EPA hloov qhov kev txwv tsis pub siv li ntawd kom xav tau WCPP kev siv - yog tias lawv tuaj yeem ua pov thawj rau EPA tias lawv tuaj yeem ua raws li WCCP cov kev cai uas tau tham hauv qab no. Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv Ib Puag Ncig kuj tau hais tias:
Yog tias EPA tsis tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas lwm txoj hauv kev rau qhov xwm txheej siv no thiab tsis muab cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv los pab EPA txiav txim siab tias WCPP tshem tawm qhov kev pheej hmoo tsis tsim nyog.
Tshooj 6(d) yuav tsum tau kom EPA ua raws li txoj cai sai li sai tau, tab sis tsis pub dhau 5 xyoos tom qab tau tshaj tawm txoj cai kawg. Hauv lwm lo lus, kev siv li no yuav tsim nyog rau kev ncua sijhawm ua raws li txoj cai.
Rau kaum yam kev cai siv uas teev hauv qab no, suav nrog kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua kom tau HFC-32, kev siv dua tshiab thiab kev pov tseg, EPA tau tshaj tawm Txoj Cai Tswj Kev Ua Haujlwm (piv txwv li WCPP) ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau kev txwv tsis pub ua. Cov kev ntsuas tswj suav nrog cov kev cai rau kev txwv kev ua haujlwm, thaj chaw tswj, kev saib xyuas kev ua haujlwm (suav nrog cov kev cai saib xyuas tshiab raws li kev xyaum ua haujlwm hauv chaw kuaj mob zoo), kev ua raws li txoj cai, kev tiv thaiv kev ua pa, kev tiv thaiv daim tawv nqaij, thiab kev kawm. Cov cai no ntxiv rau OSHA methylene chloride tus qauv 29 CFR § 1910.1052, tab sis feem ntau yog raws li tus qauv ntawd nrog ib qho kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb.
Cov qauv OSHA (thawj zaug tau txais yuav xyoo 1997) muaj qhov txwv tsis pub raug tshuaj lom (PEL) ntawm 25 ppm (8-teev nruab nrab lub sijhawm (TWA)) thiab qhov txwv tsis pub raug tshuaj lom luv luv (STEL) ntawm 125 ppm (15-feeb TWA). Piv rau qhov ntawd, qhov txwv tsis pub raug tshuaj lom TSCA tam sim no (ECEL) yog 2 ppm (8 teev TWA) thiab STEL yog 16 ppm (15 feeb TWA). Yog li ECEL tsuas yog 8% ntawm OSHA PEL thiab EPA STEL yuav yog 12.8% ntawm OSHA STEL. Cov theem tswj yuav tsum tau siv raws li ECEL thiab STEL, nrog rau kev tswj hwm kev siv tshuab yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab kev siv cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tus kheej yog qhov kawg.
Qhov no txhais tau tias cov tib neeg uas ua tau raws li OSHA cov cai yuav tsis ua tau raws li ECEL thiab STEL uas pom zoo. Kev tsis ntseeg txog lub peev xwm ua tau raws li cov kev txwv no yog ib qho uas ua rau EPA txwv tsis pub siv methylene chloride thiab cov khoom muaj methylene chloride hauv kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam.
Ntxiv rau cov kev siv tsim khoom thiab kev ua cov khoom uas teev tseg, cov kev cai ntawm WCPP kuj siv rau kev pov tseg thiab kev ua cov methylene chloride thiab cov khoom uas muaj methylene chloride. Yog li ntawd, cov tuam txhab pov tseg cov khib nyiab thiab cov neeg rov ua dua tshiab uas tej zaum yuav tsis paub txog cov kev cai TSCA yuav tsum tau ua dhau ntawm OSHA cov qauv.
Vim muaj ntau yam kev txwv tsis pub siv thiab cov lag luam uas yuav raug cuam tshuam, cov lus tawm tswv yim txog txoj cai no yuav tseem ceeb dua li niaj zaus. Cov lus tawm tswv yim yuav raug xa mus rau EPA thaum Lub Xya Hli 3, 2023. Cov Lus Qhia Ua Ntej pom zoo kom cov koom haum xa cov lus tawm tswv yim txog cov ntaub ntawv xav tau ncaj qha mus rau OMB thaum Lub Rau Hli 2, 2023.
Ua ntej yuav tawm tswv yim, cov tuam txhab thiab cov koom haum lag luam (los ntawm lawv cov tswv cuab lub zeem muag) yuav xav xav txog cov hauv qab no:
Cov neeg tawm tswv yim tej zaum yuav xav piav qhia txog lawv txoj kev siv methylene chloride, lawv cov kev tswj hwm engineering kom txwv tsis pub raug, qhov kev pab cuam ua raws li OSHA methylene chloride tam sim no, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev saib xyuas kev huv huv ntawm methylene chloride (thiab nws piv rau ECEL vs. STEL piv li cas). ; cov teeb meem kev siv tshuab cuam tshuam nrog kev txheeb xyuas lossis hloov mus rau lwm txoj hauv kev rau methylene chloride rau lawv siv; hnub uas lawv tuaj yeem hloov mus rau lwm txoj hauv kev (yog tias ua tau); thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lawv txoj kev siv methylene chloride.
Cov lus tawm tswv yim no tuaj yeem txhawb nqa kev txuas ntxiv lub sijhawm ua raws li nws siv, lossis EPA qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom zam qee qhov kev siv methylene chloride los ntawm kev txwv raws li Tshooj 6 (g) ntawm TSCA. Tshooj 6 (g) (1) hais tias:
Yog tus thawj coj pom tias…
(A) cov kev siv tshwj xeeb yog cov kev siv tseem ceeb lossis tseem ceeb uas tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev nyab xeeb dua hauv kev siv tshuab thiab kev lag luam, suav nrog cov kev phom sij thiab kev cuam tshuam;
(B) kev ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau lub teb chaws kev lag luam, kev ruaj ntseg hauv teb chaws, lossis cov khoom siv tseem ceeb; lossis
(C) Cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj lossis cov khoom sib xyaw muab kev pabcuam kev noj qab haus huv, ib puag ncig lossis kev nyab xeeb rau pej xeem thaum piv rau lwm txoj hauv kev uas muaj.
Suav nrog cov xwm txheej, suav nrog kev khaws cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog, kev saib xyuas thiab kev tshaj tawm cov kev cai, mus txog qhov uas Tus Thawj Coj txiav txim siab tias cov xwm txheej no yog qhov tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig thaum ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev zam.
Cov lus qhia ua ntej hais tias EPA yuav xav txog kev tso tseg Tshooj 6 (g) yog tias tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev thiab ua tsis tau raws li WCPP cov kev cai:
Lwm txoj hauv kev, yog tias EPA tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab lwm txoj hauv kev rau qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev siv no [ua ib qho chaw hloov pauv cua sov] thiab, raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, EPA txiav txim siab tias kev txwv tsis pub siv yuav cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev ruaj ntseg hauv tebchaws lossis cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, Lub Chaw Haujlwm EPA yuav tshuaj xyuas TSCA Tshooj 6 (g) kev zam.
Cov neeg tawm tswv yim tuaj yeem qhia seb lawv puas ua tau raws li cov cai ntawm WCPP, thiab yog tias tsis ua tau, lawv ua tau raws li cov cai txwv kev raug tshuaj lom twg.
Lus Ceeb Toom: Vim yog qhov xwm txheej dav dav ntawm qhov hloov tshiab no, cov ntaub ntawv muab ntawm no yuav tsis siv tau rau txhua qhov xwm txheej, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob ua raws li yam tsis muaj lus qhia tshwj xeeb txog kev cai lij choj raws li koj qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.
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