Thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 20, 2023, Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv Ib Puag Ncig Tebchaws Meskas (EPA) tau tshaj tawm txoj cai tswjfwm raws li Tshooj 6 (a) ntawm Txoj Cai Tswj Xyuas Cov Tshuaj Lom (TSCA) txwv tsis pub siv feem ntau ntawm methylene chloride. EPA tau hais tias nws qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kev pheej hmoo tsis muaj pov thawj rau dichloromethane yog vim muaj kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov kws tshaj lij tsis siv (ONUs), cov neeg siv khoom, thiab cov neeg nyob ze rau kev siv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv Ib Puag Ncig tau txheeb xyuas qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv los ntawm kev ua pa thiab kev raug rau daim tawv nqaij rau methylene chloride, suav nrog neurotoxicity, cov teebmeem rau lub siab, thiab mob qog noj ntshav. EPA tau hais tias nws txoj cai tswj kev pheej hmoo yuav "txo qis sai" kev tsim khoom, kev ua thiab kev faib tawm methylene chloride rau txhua tus neeg siv khoom thiab feem ntau ntawm kev siv hauv kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam, feem ntau ntawm cov no yuav raug lees paub tag nrho hauv 15 lub hlis. EPA tau sau tseg tias rau feem ntau ntawm kev siv dichloromethane, nws yuav thov kom txwv tsis pub siv nws. Kev tshuaj xyuas tau qhia tias lwm txoj hauv kev rau dichloromethane nrog tus nqi zoo sib xws thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo sib xws feem ntau muaj. Thaum txoj cai tau tshaj tawm hauv Federal Register, lub sijhawm tawm tswv yim 60 hnub yuav pib.
Raws li tsab cai tshiab ntawm TSCA Tshooj 6(b), EPA tau txiav txim siab tias methylene chloride ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo tsis tsim nyog rau kev raug mob rau kev noj qab haus huv, tsis hais tus nqi lossis lwm yam tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo, suav nrog kev pheej hmoo tsis tsim nyog hauv kev siv cov xwm txheej (COU) rau cov neeg uas tau txheeb xyuas tias muaj peev xwm raug lossis raug rau xyoo 2020 kev ntsuam xyuas kev pheej hmoo methylene chloride. Txhawm rau tshem tawm kev pheej hmoo tsis tsim nyog, EPA pom zoo, raws li Tshooj 6(a) ntawm TSCA:
EPA hais tias txhua TSCA COUs rau dichloromethane (tsis suav nrog nws siv rau hauv cov xim pleev rau cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov tshuaj tshem xim, uas ua haujlwm sib cais raws li TSCA Tshooj 6 (84 Fed. Reg. 11420, Lub Peb Hlis 27, 2019)) raug rau qhov kev thov no. Raws li EPA, TSCA txhais COUs ua qhov xwm txheej uas xav tau, paub, lossis pom tau ua ntej uas cov tshuaj lom neeg raug tsim, ua tiav, faib tawm, siv, lossis pov tseg rau kev lag luam. EPA tab tom thov kom pej xeem tawm tswv yim txog ntau yam ntawm qhov kev thov.
Raws li tsab xov xwm tshaj tawm ntawm EPA, EPA tau sab laj nrog Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb thiab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (OSHA) hauv kev tsim cov cai uas tau thov "thiab xav txog cov kev cai ntawm OSHA uas twb muaj lawm hauv kev tsim cov kev tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm uas tau thov." kom tshem tawm cov kev pheej hmoo tsis tsim nyog. Cov tswv haujlwm yuav muaj ib xyoos los ua raws li WCPP tom qab EPA tso tawm cov cai tswj kev pheej hmoo zaum kawg thiab yuav tsum tau saib xyuas lawv qhov chaw ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua kom ntseeg tau tias cov neeg ua haujlwm tsis raug rau methylene chloride, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo tsis tsim nyog.
Lub EPA "hu rau pej xeem kom rov xyuas dua txoj cai uas tau thov thiab muab lawv cov lus tawm tswv yim." Lub EPA tau hais tias nws "xav paub tshwj xeeb txog kev hnov ​​​​​​cov kev xav ntawm cov koom haum uas xav tau los siv qhov kev pab cuam uas tau thov txog qhov ua tau thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov kev cai tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm uas tau thov." EPA, nws yuav tuav lub rooj sib tham hauv online rau cov tswv ntiav haujlwm thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv ob peb lub lis piam tom ntej, "tab sis yuav muaj txiaj ntsig rau txhua tus neeg uas tab tom nrhiav kev txheeb xyuas cov kev cai tswjfwm uas tau thov los tham txog cov phiaj xwm uas tau thov."
Bergeson & Campbell, PC (B&C®) kwv yees qhov kev taw qhia ntawm EPA cov kev ntsuas tswj methylene chloride thiab cov kev xaiv tswj tseem ceeb. Txoj cai uas EPA tau thov yog sib xws nrog nws cov lus pom zoo hauv daim ntawv qauv txoj cai tswj kev pheej hmoo chrysotile, suav nrog cov kev ntsuas kev cai lij choj uas tau thov kom txwv tsis pub siv, cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau kev siv sijhawm luv luv raws li TSCA Tshooj 6(g) (piv txwv li, kev ruaj ntseg hauv tebchaws thiab cov khoom siv tseem ceeb) thiab tawm tswv yim cov kev txwv kev raug tshuaj lom neeg tam sim no (ECELs) uas qis dua cov kev txwv kev raug tshuaj lom neeg tam sim no. Hauv qab no, peb sau luv luv ntau yam teeb meem uas cov tswv cuab ntawm lub zej zog tswj hwm yuav tsum xav txog thaum npaj cov lus tawm tswv yim rau pej xeem txog cov cai qauv uas tau thov, thiab ceeb toom txhua tus txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev koom tes nrog EPA thaum ntxov hauv cov kev pib tsis raug cai los muab cov ntaub ntawv txog kev ua haujlwm tswj hwm hauv cov xwm txheej. Cov Cai, suav nrog TSCA.
Muab EPA txoj cai tshiab coj los siv nrog "tag nrho cov tshuaj lom neeg", peb tsis xav tsis thoob thaum pom tias EPA txoj kev cai lij choj uas tau npaj tseg yog "txwv tsis pub siv feem ntau ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam ntawm dichloromethane." Txawm li cas los xij, EPA muab lwm txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los tso cai rau qee qhov kev siv txwv tsis pub siv txuas ntxiv mus raws li WCPP ua raws li. Peb hais txog qhov no vim tias Tshooj 6(a) ntawm TSCA hais tias EPA yuav tsum "siv cov kev cai kom tshem tawm cov kev pheej hmoo tsis tsim nyog rau qhov tsim nyog kom cov tshuaj lossis cov khoom sib xyaw tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntxiv lawm." Yog tias WCPP nrog ECEL tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig, raws li EPA tau tawm tswv yim, nws zoo li kev txwv rau qee qhov kev siv mus dhau txoj cai "qib ntawm qhov tsim nyog". Txawm tias WCPP yog kev tiv thaiv, qhov kev txwv tsis pub siv cov neeg siv khoom uas twb muaj lawm tseem raug cai vim tias cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua pov thawj thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv ua raws li cov kev tiv thaiv hauv WCPP. Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias qhov chaw ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua pov thawj thiab sau cov ntaub ntawv ua raws li cov kev cai WCPP, ces nws yuav zoo li kev siv zoo li no yuav tsum txuas ntxiv mus.
Raws li ib feem ntawm cov kev cai ntawm WCPP, EPA tau hais tias nws yuav xav tau "ua raws li Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo hauv Chaw Kuaj Mob [GLP] 40 CFR Ntu 792". Qhov kev cai no tsis sib haum nrog feem ntau ntawm cov kev siv zog saib xyuas chaw ua haujlwm uas tau ua raws li cov qauv ntawm Industrial Hygiene Laboratory Accreditation Program (IHLAP). EPA qhov kev cia siab rau kev kuaj GLP rau kev saib xyuas chaw ua haujlwm yog raws li daim ntawv xaj kuaj uas tau muab tawm xyoo 2021, tab sis tsis yog nws daim ntawv xaj pom zoo. Piv txwv li, daim ntawv xaj EPA TSCA Ntu 5 (e) qhia txog cov hauv qab no hauv Ntu III.D:
Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua raws li TSCA GLP tsis tas yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv ntu tshiab no ntawm Cov Kev Txwv Kev Siv Tshuaj Lom Zem, qhov twg cov txheej txheem tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau lees paub los ntawm lub chaw kuaj mob uas tau lees paub los ntawm: American Industrial Hygiene Association ("AIHA") Industrial Hygiene Laboratory Accreditation Program ("IHLAP"). lossis lwm qhov kev pab cuam zoo sib xws uas tau pom zoo ua ntawv sau los ntawm EPA.
Lub EPA tau thov kom muaj lus tawm tswv yim txog cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb ntawm txoj cai uas tau muab tso tawm, uas B&C pom zoo kom cov neeg uas muaj feem cuam tshuam yuav tsum xav txog. Piv txwv li, EPA tab tom tham txog txoj cai raws li TSCA Tshooj 6(g) los muab kev zam rau lub sijhawm luv luv rau qee yam kev siv xws li kev tsav dav hlau pej xeem, thiab EPA sib cav tias kev ua raws li cov kev cai uas tau muab tso tawm yuav "cuam tshuam loj heev ... cov khoom siv tseem ceeb." "Peb pom tias qhov kev zam no yuav suav nrog kev ua raws li WCPP. Ib yam li ntawd, yog tias WCPP yog kev tiv thaiv thiab lub chaw tuaj yeem ua raws li WCPP (piv txwv li mob ntev tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav ECEL 2 feem ib lab (ppm) thiab kev txwv kev raug luv luv (STEL) 16 feem ib lab), lo lus zoo li ntau dhau ntawm kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Peb ntseeg tias kev zam yuav raug siv thaum kev tiv thaiv tsis txaus los daws qhov kev pheej hmoo thiab kev txwv yuav cuam tshuam loj heev rau cov lag luam tseem ceeb (piv txwv li kev tiv thaiv, kev tsav dav hlau, kev tsim kho vaj tse). Zoo li muaj ib txoj hauv kev zoo ib yam li European Union Regulation on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), uas txwv tsis pub muaj cov tshuaj phom sij txawm tias cov kev ntsuas kev nyab xeeb txaus hauv txhua qhov chaw tshwj tsis yog thaj chaw txwv. Txawm hais tias txoj hauv kev no yuav nyiam txhua tus, tab sis hauv peb lub tswv yim, nws tsis ua raws li txoj cai ntawm Tshooj 6 ntawm EPA. 'T.
EPA tau hais txog daim ntawv xyoo 2022 hu ua "Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Lwm Txoj Hauv Kev Siv Dichloromethane" (siv 40 hauv txoj cai uas tau thov) thoob plaws hauv txoj cai uas tau thov. Raws li qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no, EPA tau hais tias nws "tau txheeb xyuas cov khoom muaj cov khoom xyaw nrog qee qhov kev ntsuas kev phom sij qis dua dichloromethane thiab qee cov khoom xyaw nrog kev ntsuas kev phom sij siab dua dichloromethane (siv 40)". Thaum lub sijhawm ntawm cov lus piav qhia no, EPA tsis tau xa daim ntawv no mus rau Daim Ntawv Teev Cov Cai, thiab EPA tsis tau muab nws tso rau hauv nws lub hauv paus ntaub ntawv Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Ib puag ncig (HERO) online. Yog tsis tshuaj xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv no, nws tsis tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov tsim nyog ntawm lwm txoj hauv kev rau txhua qhov kev siv. Lwm txoj hauv kev rau kev tshem tawm xim yuav tsis ua haujlwm zoo li cov kuab tshuaj, xws li cov uas siv los ntxuav cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rhiab heev hauv dav hlau.
Peb tau hais txog qhov tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg saum toj no vim tias cov koom haum uas cuam tshuam los ntawm EPA txoj kev txwv yuav xav tau cov ntaub ntawv no los txiav txim siab txog kev ua tau ntawm lwm txoj hauv kev, ntsuas qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm lwm txoj hauv kev (uas yuav ua rau TSCA kev cai lij choj yav tom ntej), thiab npaj rau pej xeem lub tswv yim. Peb pom tias US EPA tab tom tham txog cov teeb meem "lwm txoj hauv kev" hauv nws txoj cai chrysotile, uas suav nrog US EPA lub hom phiaj los txwv tsis pub siv chrysotile hauv diaphragms siv hauv kev lag luam chlor-alkali. EPA lees paub tias "lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov diaphragms uas muaj asbestos hauv kev tsim chlor-alkali muaj cov tshuaj perfluoroalkyl thiab polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) ntau dua piv rau qhov ntau ntawm cov tshuaj PFAS uas muaj nyob hauv cov diaphragms uas muaj asbestos," tab sis tsis piv rau qhov txaus ntshai thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm lwm txoj hauv kev.
Ntxiv rau cov teeb meem kev tswj hwm kev pheej hmoo saum toj no, peb ntseeg tias US Environmental Protection Agency qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov kev pheej hmoo uas cuam tshuam nrog dichloromethane tseem muaj qhov tsis sib xws ntawm txoj cai. Raws li tau tham hauv peb daim ntawv sau thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 11, 2022, EPA pheej hais txog nws siv daim ntawv xyoo 2018 hu ua "Applying Systematic Analysis to TSCA Risk Assessment" ("2018 SR Document") ua lub hauv paus rau kev siv nws cov luag haujlwm. Qhov yuav tsum tau siv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb zoo tshaj plaws thiab cov pov thawj tshawb fawb raws li tau teev tseg hauv Tshooj 26 (h) thiab (i) ntawm TSCA. Piv txwv li, EPA hais hauv nws cov cai tswjfwm ntawm methylene chloride tias:
Lub EPA suav tias dichloromethane ECEL sawv cev rau qhov kev tshawb fawb zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv TSCA Tshooj 26 (h) vim nws tau los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau los ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas kev pheej hmoo dichloromethane xyoo 2020, uas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas kom meej uas tau ua tiav. kev kuaj xyuas kom paub txog cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo. [kab hauv qab]
Raws li peb tau sau ua ntej, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) tau tshuaj xyuas daim ntawv SR xyoo 2018 raws li EPA qhov kev thov thiab xaus lus:
Txoj kev tshuaj xyuas tsis raws cai ntawm OPPT tsis qhia txog qhov tseeb txaus, [thiab] OPPT yuav tsum rov xav txog nws txoj kev tshuaj xyuas thiab xav txog cov lus pom thiab cov lus pom zoo uas muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm no.
Cov nyeem ntawv raug ceeb toom tias TSCA Tshooj 26 (h) xav kom EPA txiav txim siab raws li kev tshawb fawb zoo tshaj plaws raws li TSCA Tshooj 4, 5, thiab 6, uas suav nrog cov txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem xws li kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua. Tsis tas li ntawd, EPA siv daim ntawv SR xyoo 2018 hauv nws qhov kev ntsuam xyuas qhov kev pheej hmoo dichloromethane zaum kawg kuj ua rau muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog EPA txoj kev ua raws li cov kev cai pov thawj kev tshawb fawb teev tseg hauv Tshooj 26 (i) ntawm TSCA, uas EPA faib ua "kev tshuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua" rau cov pov thawj lossis hauv txoj kev txiav txim siab. ... "
Ob txoj cai uas EPA tau tshaj tawm raws li TSCA Tshooj 6(a), uas yog Chrysotile thiab Methylene Chloride, tau teev cov cai rau EPA txoj cai tswj kev pheej hmoo rau 10 yam tshuaj tseem ceeb uas EPA xav tias ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo tsis tsim nyog. Qee lub tswv yim raug siv rau hauv kev ntsuam xyuas kev pheej hmoo zaum kawg. Cov lag luam siv cov tshuaj no yuav tsum npaj rau kev txwv tsis pub siv, WCPP, lossis kev zam lub sijhawm uas yuav tsum ua raws li WCPP. B&C pom zoo kom cov neeg koom nrog tshuaj xyuas cov cai methylene chloride uas tau tshaj tawm, txawm tias cov neeg nyeem tsis siv methylene chloride, thiab muab cov lus pom zoo, lees paub tias cov kev xaiv tswj kev pheej hmoo rau methylene chloride yuav dhau los ua ib feem ntawm lwm cov qauv EPA yav tom ntej. cov tshuaj uas muaj kev ntsuam xyuas kev pheej hmoo zaum kawg (piv txwv li 1-bromopropane, carbon tetrachloride, 1,4-dioxane, perchlorethylene thiab trichlorethylene).
Lus Ceeb Toom: Vim yog qhov xwm txheej dav dav ntawm qhov hloov tshiab no, cov ntaub ntawv muab ntawm no yuav tsis siv tau rau txhua qhov xwm txheej, thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob ua raws li yam tsis muaj lus qhia tshwj xeeb txog kev cai lij choj raws li koj qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.
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