Cov khoom siv melamine ua rau koj nyob tau saum koj lub lawj yam tsis tas txhawj txog kev ua puas rau koj cov tais diav zoo nkauj. Kawm seb cov khoom siv no tau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau kev noj mov txhua hnub li cas hauv xyoo 1950 thiab tom qab ntawd.
Leanne Potts yog ib tug kws sau xov xwm tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo uas tau tshaj tawm txog kev tsim qauv thiab vaj tse tau peb caug xyoo. Nws yog ib tug kws tshaj lij txog txhua yam los ntawm kev xaiv xim ntawm chav tsev mus rau kev cog txiv lws suav qub txeeg qub teg mus rau keeb kwm ntawm kev niaj hnub hauv kev tsim sab hauv. Nws cov haujlwm tau tshwm sim hauv HGTV, Parade, BHG, Travel Channel thiab Bob Vila.
Marcus Reeves yog ib tug kws sau ntawv, tus tshaj tawm, thiab tus neeg tshawb xyuas qhov tseeb uas muaj kev paub dhau los. Nws pib sau cov ntawv ceeb toom rau The Source magazine. Nws cov haujlwm tau tshwm sim hauv The New York Times, Playboy, The Washington Post thiab Rolling Stone, ntawm lwm cov ntawv tshaj tawm. Nws phau ntawv, Someone Screamed: The Rise of Rap Music in the Black Power Aftershock, tau raug xaiv tsa rau Zora Neale Hurston Award. Nws yog ib tug kws qhia ntawv ntxiv ntawm New York University, qhov chaw uas nws qhia kev sau ntawv thiab kev sib txuas lus. Marcus tau txais nws daim bachelor's degree los ntawm Rutgers University hauv New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Nyob rau hauv Asmeskas tom qab ua tsov rog, cov zej zog hauv nruab nrab feem ntau yog cov pluas noj hmo hauv patio, ntau tus menyuam yaus, thiab kev sib sau ua ke uas koj yuav tsis npau suav txog kev mus noj hmo nrog cov tais diav zoo nkauj thiab cov ntaub pua rooj damask hnyav. Hloov chaw, cov riam phom nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog cov riam phom yas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas ua los ntawm melamine.
"Melamine yeej pab tau rau lub neej niaj hnub no," Dr. Anna Ruth Gatling, tus pab xibfwb qhia txog kev tsim sab hauv tsev ntawm Auburn University uas qhia ib chav kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim sab hauv tsev hais.
Melamine yog ib hom yas uas tus kws tshuaj German Justus von Liebig tau tsim tawm xyoo 1830. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias cov khoom siv kim heev thiab von Liebig yeej tsis tau txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas nrog nws qhov kev tsim kho tshiab, nws nyob twj ywm rau ib puas xyoo. Xyoo 1930, kev nce qib ntawm thev naus laus zis ua rau melamine pheej yig rau kev tsim, yog li cov neeg tsim qauv pib xav txog yuav ua li cas los ntawm nws, thaum kawg pom tias hom yas thermoset no tuaj yeem ua kom sov thiab pwm rau hauv cov tais diav pheej yig, tsim ntau.
Thaum pib, lub tuam txhab Cyanamid hauv New Jersey yog ib lub tuam txhab ua khoom siv melamine rau kev lag luam yas. Lawv tau sau npe lawv cov yas melamine nrog lub npe lag luam "Melmac". Txawm hais tias cov khoom no kuj siv los ua cov thawv saib, cov tes tuav qhov cub thiab cov tes tuav rooj tog, tab sis feem ntau nws yog siv los ua cov tais diav.
Cov khoom siv melamine tau siv dav thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob thiab tau tsim ntau rau cov tub rog, tsev kawm ntawv, thiab tsev kho mob. Vim tias cov hlau thiab lwm yam khoom siv tsis txaus, cov yas tshiab raug suav hais tias yog cov khoom siv ntawm yav tom ntej. Tsis zoo li lwm cov yas thaum ntxov xws li Bakelite, melamine ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov txaus kom tiv taus kev ntxuav thiab cua sov tas li.
Tom qab ua tsov rog, cov khoom siv melamine tau nkag mus rau ntau txhiab lub tsev nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau. "Xyoo 1940 muaj peb lub tsev cog khoom melamine loj, tab sis los ntawm xyoo 1950 muaj ntau pua," Gatlin hais. Qee lub npe nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv ua noj melamine suav nrog Branchell, Texas Ware, Lenox Ware, Prolon, Mar-crest, Boontonware, thiab Raffia Ware.
Thaum ntau lab tus neeg Asmeskas tau tsiv mus rau thaj chaw nyob ib puag ncig tom qab kev lag luam zoo tom qab ua tsov rog, lawv tau yuav cov khoom siv noj mov melamine kom haum rau lawv lub tsev tshiab thiab kev ua neej. Kev nyob hauv patio tau dhau los ua lub tswv yim tshiab nrov, thiab cov tsev neeg xav tau cov khoom siv yas pheej yig uas tuaj yeem nqa mus rau sab nraum zoov. Thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev vam meej ntawm cov menyuam yaus, melamine yog cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws rau lub sijhawm ntawd. "Cov tais diav tsis tshua muaj thiab koj tsis tas yuav ceev faj," Gatlin hais. "Koj tuaj yeem pov tseg!"
Cov kev tshaj tawm txij thaum ntawd los tau hais tias Melmac cov khoom ua noj ua haus yog ib yam khoom siv yas zoo nkauj rau "kev nyob tsis muaj kev txhawj xeeb hauv kev lig kev cai qub." Lwm qhov kev tshaj tawm rau Branchell's Color-Flyte kab los ntawm xyoo 1950 tau hais tias cov khoom ua noj ua haus "tau lees tias yuav tsis tawg, tawg lossis tawg." Cov xim nrov suav nrog xim liab, xiav, turquoise, mint, daj thiab dawb, nrog rau cov duab geometric ci ntsa iab hauv cov qauv paj lossis atomic.
"Kev vam meej ntawm xyoo 1950 tsis zoo li lwm xyoo caum," Gatlin hais. Kev cia siab ntawm lub sijhawm no tau pom tseeb hauv cov xim ci ntsa iab thiab cov duab ntawm cov tais diav no, nws hais. "Cov tais diav Melamine muaj tag nrho cov duab geometric kos npe nruab nrab xyoo pua, zoo li cov tais me me thiab cov tes tuav khob me me, uas ua rau nws tshwj xeeb," Gatlin hais. Cov neeg yuav khoom raug txhawb kom sib xyaw thiab phim cov xim kom ntxiv kev muaj tswv yim thiab kev zoo nkauj rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog tias Melmac pheej yig heev: ib pawg plaub tus neeg raug nqi li $ 15 hauv xyoo 1950 thiab kwv yees li $ 175 tam sim no. "Lawv tsis muaj nqis," Gatlin hais. "Koj tuaj yeem txais yuav cov qauv thiab qhia koj tus cwj pwm tiag tiag vim tias koj muaj kev xaiv los hloov lawv tom qab ob peb xyoos thiab tau txais cov xim tshiab."
Tus qauv tsim ntawm cov tais diav melamine kuj zoo kawg nkaus. American Cyanamid tau ntiav tus tsim qauv kev lag luam Russell Wright, uas coj kev niaj hnub rau lub rooj noj mov Asmeskas nrog nws cov kab American Modern ntawm cov tais diav los ntawm Steubenville Pottery Company, los ua haujlwm nws lub khawv koob nrog cov tais diav yas. Wright tau tsim cov kab Melmac ntawm cov tais diav rau Northern Plastics Company, uas yeej qhov khoom plig Museum of Modern Art rau kev tsim qauv zoo hauv xyoo 1953. Cov khoom sau hu ua "Home" yog ib qho ntawm Melmac cov khoom sau nrov tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo 1950.
Xyoo 1970, cov tshuab ntxuav tais diav thiab cov tshuab ua kom sov microwave tau los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv chav ua noj hauv Asmeskas, thiab cov khoom siv ua noj melamine tau poob qis. Cov yas zoo kawg nkaus ntawm xyoo 1950 tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev siv hauv ob qho tib si ua noj thiab tau hloov los ntawm Corelle ua qhov kev xaiv zoo dua rau cov khoom siv ua noj txhua hnub.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum ntxov xyoo 2000, melamine tau muaj kev rov tsim dua tshiab nrog rau cov rooj tog niaj hnub nruab nrab xyoo pua. Cov koob thawj xyoo 1950 tau dhau los ua cov khoom sau thiab cov kab tshiab ntawm melamine tableware tau tsim.
Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov mis thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm melamine ua rau nws siv tau hauv lub tshuab ntxuav tais diav thiab muab nws lub neej tshiab. Tib lub sijhawm, kev txaus siab rau kev ruaj khov ntxiv tau ua rau melamine yog lwm txoj hauv kev nrov rau cov tais diav pov tseg uas xaus rau hauv qhov chaw pov tseg tom qab siv ib zaug xwb.
Txawm li cas los xij, raws li US Food and Drug Administration, melamine tseem tsis haum rau kev ua kom sov hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob microwave, txwv tsis pub nws rov tshwm sim dua, ob qho tib si qub thiab tshiab.
"Hauv lub hnub nyoog no uas yooj yim siv, tsis zoo li xyoo 1950s lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev yooj yim, cov tais diav melamine qub ntawd yuav tsis siv txhua hnub," Gatlin hais. Saib xyuas cov tais diav xyoo 1950s uas ruaj khov nrog kev saib xyuas zoo ib yam li koj yuav saib xyuas cov khoom qub. Hauv xyoo pua 21st, cov tais yas tuaj yeem dhau los ua cov khoom sau muaj nqis, thiab cov melamine qub tuaj yeem dhau los ua cov tais diav zoo.